I asked one of the research observatories about the precursor data (g and s) which solves the equation:
R = k (10g + s)
Where:
g = Number of sunspot groups in the solar disc
s = Number of sunspots in all groups
k = A factor usually < 1 which characterizes the method of the observation.
What we get on "solar weather" report is the R value. But we don't have access to the s and g value.
So, I asked about that.. And here is the response from Dr. Laure Lefevre from Royal Observatory of Belgium - STCE.
We distribute the international sunspot number (what you call R) computed from our network of stations with the formula you mention. However, we cannot distribute the data from the individual stations that enter into the calculation as these data are specifically handed out to SILSO for scientific purposes and are protected by the European GDPR laws.
So it is normal that you can only find the daily R on our website. The latest data is only estimated: https://www.sidc.be/silso/eisnplot The data until last month (February 2023 in that case) is available here: https://www.sidc.be/silso/datafiles
Space weather, solar weather is terribly interesting to me. In my line of work cosmic radiation (not from the sun) with near relativistic energies is critically important to mission success. Solar weather cannot be ignored either for many parts of the mission risk that we deal with.
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